WW2010
University of Illinois

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Online Guides
 
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Meteorology
 
  introduction
 
  air masses, fronts
 
  clouds, precipitation
 
  el nino
 
  forces, winds
 
> hurricanes
 
  hydrologic cycle
 
  light, optics
 
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Hurricanes
 
  introduction
 
> growth processes
 
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  public action
 
  damage
 
  names
 
  global activity
 
  el nino

Growth Processes
 
  definition
 
  sources
 
> cisk

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> text

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CISK
how thunderstorms become hurricanes

CISK, or "Convective Instability of the Second Kind", is a popular theory that explains how thunderstorms can evolve and organize into hurricanes. CISK is a positive feedback mechanism, meaning that once a process starts, it causes events which enhance the original process, and the whole cycle repeats itself over and over. Below is a video explanation of CISK.

[Embedded Object: CISK Movie (2.40MB)]

The surface air that spirals into the center of a low pressure system creates convergence (green horizontal arrows) and forces air to rise in the center (green vertical arrow). This air cools and moisture condenses which releases latent heat into the air. It is this latent heat that provides the energy to fuel these storms.

Latent heat is simply heat released or absorbed by a substance (in this case, water vapor) as it changes its state. When water vapor condenses into liquid, it releases this heat into the surrounding atmosphere. The atmosphere around this condensation then warms.

Since warm air is less dense than cooler air, the warmer air takes up more space. This expansion of this air (red arrows) forces more air outside away from the center of the storm and the surface pressure (which is the weight of the air above the surface) decreases.

When the surface pressure decreases, a larger pressure gradient is formed, and more air converges towards the center of the storm. This creates more surface convergence and causes more warm moist surface air to rise above the surface. This air, as it cools, condenses into clouds. While it does this, it releases even more latent heat.

This cycle continuously repeats itself ­ each time intensifying the storm until other factors, such as cool water, land, or high wind shear act to weaken it.



sources
Terms for using data resources. CD-ROM available.
Credits and Acknowledgments for WW2010.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences (DAS) at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

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