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Constant Pressure Surfaces
a surface of equal pressure, also called an isobaric surface

A constant pressure (or isobaric) surface is a surface in the atmosphere where the pressure is equal everywhere along that surface. For example, the 100 millibar (mb) surface is the surface in the atmosphere where the pressure at every point along that surface is 100 mb. Since pressure decreases with height, the altitude of the 100 mb surface is higher than the 500 mb surface, which is likewise higher than 1000 mb. Meteorologists use pressure as a vertical coordinate to simplify thermodynamic computations which are performed on a routine basis.

Measurements of the upper atmosphere (temperature, pressure, winds, etc.) are taken by instruments on weather balloons as they rise upward from the earth. When referring to the 500 mb surface, we mean a location in the atmosphere where the pressure has been measured to be 500 mb. The approximate heights and temperatures for several constant pressure surfaces have been listed below:

PressureApproximate Height Approximate Temperature
Sea Level
1000mb
850 mb
700 mb
500 mb
300 mb
200 mb
100 mb
0 m
100 m
1500 m
3000 m
5000 m
9000 m
12000 m
16000 m
0 ft
300 ft
5000 ft
10000 ft
18000 ft
30000 ft
40000 ft
53000 ft
15 C
15 C
05 C
-05 C
-20 C
-45 C
-55 C
-56 C
59 F
59 F
41 F
23 F
-04 F
-49 F
-67 F
-69F
Chart from: WXP Purdue

The atmospheric variables typically plotted on isobaric maps include: height of the pressure surface, temperature, moisture content and wind speed and direction.



isobars
Terms for using data resources. CD-ROM available.
Credits and Acknowledgments for WW2010.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences (DAS) at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

variation with temps